Poland is running defence spending above 4% of GDP alongside mega-projects such as the new hub airport, high-speed rail and its first nuclear plant, while the 2027 draft budget deficit exceeds 7% of GDP. Frequent presidential vetoes often delay government legislation.
Gouvernement · dirigeant
President Karol Nawrocki / Prime Minister Donald Tusk
Priorités nationales
- Defence build-up (about 4.5% of GDP in 2027) and local arms production
- Higher health spending
- Energy security and transition, including the first nuclear plant
- Major infrastructure (Port Polska hub airport, high-speed rail, ports)
- Deficit control under the EU excessive deficit procedure
- Trade and investment diversification toward Asia
Programmes publics
2027 state budget draftPLN 977.6bn (spending)
Spending PLN 977.6bn, deficit PLN 282.6bn (7.1% of GDP); PLN 198.1bn for defence, PLN 274.1bn for health
Port Polska (formerly CPK) hub airport and rail nodePLN 131.7bn incl. rail links
Five consortia invited to bid for the terminal; tenders for the airport rail station, roads, boarding bridges, the Warsaw-Łódź line and substations. 29 proceedings worth ~PLN 14bn launched by end-July
High-speed rail Warsaw-Łódź section~PLN 80bn
Łódź tunnel boring late 2026-2027, other sections 2027-2029
First nuclear plant (Kopalino-Lubiatowo)~PLN 192bn (estimate)
Westinghouse-Bechtel consortium; main construction from 2028, unit 1 targeted for 2035
Świnoujście deep-water container terminal~PLN 10bn
Including fairway works; terminal construction 2027-2029
Opportunités d'affaires
Poland market-entry package for defence SMEs (partner search, certification, export control, contract review)
At MSPO 2026 Korean SMEs named partner search and certification/IP review as their main hurdles.
Korean defence suppliers, firms entering the Armament Agency supply chain
Digital PMO and scheduling tools (BIM, AI schedule analytics) for mega-projects
Port Polska has entered construction with dozens of parallel tenders.
Port Polska, PKP PLK, contractor consortia and subcontractors
AI automation of public hospital admin and scheduling
The sharp rise in 2027 health spending should raise demand for operational efficiency (estimate).
Ministry of Health, National Health Fund (NFZ), regional hospitals
Document and permitting automation for nuclear suppliers
Preparation for main construction is increasing quality and licensing paperwork across suppliers.
PEJ, Westinghouse-Bechtel consortium suppliers
Soutiens coréens
- KOTRA Warsaw office · KOTRA — Market research, buyer matching and export marketing in defence, AI, automotive, energy and consumer goods.
- MSPO 2026 defence fair analysis · KOTRA Overseas Market News — Published Oct 2026, covering Poland's defence localisation trend and SME entry barriers.
- K-Content Expo Poland 2026 · Korea Creative Content Agency (KOCCA) — Held in Warsaw in Sep 2026 with one-to-one meetings with about 100 CEE buyers.
Avis officiels
Chancellery of the Prime Minister (gov.pl/web/premier)
- 2026-10-27 Support for Ukraine ceasefire efforts; Patriot maintenance centre to be hosted in Poland
- 2026-10-26 Strategic partnership with Vietnam; direct flights planned for early 2027
- 2026-10-23 India visit wrap-up: 13 agreements, cooperation in AI, cybersecurity and aerospace
- 2026-09-14 Port Polska moves from preparation to construction with 31 procurements underway
Catastrophes · conflits · épidémies
Stable 2026-10-30
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